Chapter 4
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What is the formula of hydrochloric acid?
HCl
What is the formula of sulfuric acid?
H₂SO₄
What is the formula of nitric acid?
HNO₃
What is the formula of ethanoic acid?
CH₃COOH
What is ethanoic acid also known as?
vinegar
What do all acids contain in their formulae?
hydrogen
When dissolved in water, what do acids release into the solution?
hydrogen ions as protons, H⁺
Why has + aq been included in this equation: HCl(g) + aq –> H⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq)
To show that an excess of water is present
What is a strong acid?
1) releases all its hydrogen atoms into solution as H⁺ ions 2) completely dissociates in aqueous solution
What is a weak acid?
1) only releases a small proportion of its available hydrogen atoms into solution as H⁺ ions 2 )partially dissociates in aqueous solution
Are all compounds that contain hydrogen atoms acids?
no
Are most organic acids strong or weak?
weak
What is a base?
neutralises an acid to form a salt
What are some common types of bases?
1) metal oxides 2) metal hydroxides 3) metal carbonates
What is an alkali?
A base that dissolves in water releasing hydroxide ions, OH⁻ into the solution
acid + metal oxide/hydroxide –>
salt + water
CuO(s) + H₂SO₄(aq) –>
CuSO₄(aq) + H₂O(l)
CuO(s) + 2HCl(aq) –>
CuCl₂(aq) + H₂O(l)
acid + alkali –>
salt + water
What is the ionic equation of neutralisation to form water, H₂O(l)?
H⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) –> H₂O(l)
acid + metal carbonate –>
salt + water + carbon dioxide
ZnCO₃(s) + H₂SO₄(aq) –>
ZnSO₄(aq) + H₂O(l) + CO₂(g)
MgCO₃(s) + 2HCl(aq) –>
MgCl₂(aq) + H₂O(l) + CO₂(g)
Is H₂SO₄(aq) a strong or weak acid?
strong