Amino Acids & Proteins

are the building blocks of proteins.

TRUE/FALSE: Cellular growth, repair, and maintenance are all dependent on amino acids.

The amino group of one amino acid can be linked with the carboxyl group of another amino acid

Dietary proteins that completely digest dietary proteins into their constituent amino acids.

PVTTIMHALL: arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.

proteins provide up to ___% of the total energy required daily by the body.

One important role is the conversion of ammonia, which is highly toxic, into urea, which can be safely excreted via the urinary system.

needed to help grow and repair body tissues and to maintain the myelin sheaths that protect nerve cells and is the direct precursor of histamine, which is involved in immune response.

are branched-chain amino acids that are collectively referred to as the branched-chain amino acid group.

plays an important role in hemoglobin formation,

necessary for optimal growth in infants.

also aid in maintaining the nitrogen balance in adults.

used in treatments for muscle, mental, and emotional problems such as insomnia and anxiety, as well as liver and gallbladder disease.

It plays a role in the production of antibodies and lowering triglyceride levels. helps in the absorption and conservation of calcium and plays an important role in the formation of collagen

is a source of sulfur, which is required for normal metabolism and growth.

uses an active transport channel to cross the blood– brain barrier and is used by the brain to produce norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter that transmits signals between nerve cells.

alcohol-containing amino acid that is an important component in the formation of collagen, elastin (a connective tissue protein), and tooth enamel.

metabolic precursor for serotonin, melatonin (a neurohormone), and niacin (a vitamin).

one of the simplest amino acids and is a product of the breakdown of DNA or the dipeptides, anserine and carnosine.

plays a major role in the transfer of nitrogen from peripheral tissues to the liver for processing and excretion and strengthens the immune system through production of antibodies.

one of the principal and most abundant amino acids involved in the transport of nitrogen.

is the process by which an amine group is introduced into an organic molecule,

is the transfer of an amino acid to an α-ketoacid.

precursor for several other amino acids. is a metabolite in the citric acid cycle and the urea cycle. It also participates in the generation of glucose from nonsugar substrates,