Particle Physics
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Describe the Rutherford’s alpha scattering experiment.
• A fine beam of alpha particles from an alpha source is fired towards gold foil. • A detector detects where the alpha particles are deflected towards.
What conclusions did the Alpha Scattering experiment result in?
Atom is mainly empty space- most alpha particles were detected behind the gold foil. Nucleus is a positive charge- some alpha particles were deflected away at large angles. Nucleus is small- only a few alpha particles were deflected away.
What is the quark structure of a proton
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Describe the nature of the strong nuclear force.
A strong force that acts between quarks and hadrons. It is attractive to about 3fm and repulsive at a distance of below 0.5fm.
Describe the nature and range of the three forces that act on protons and neutrons.
• Gravitational force is attractive and is long ranged • Strong nuclear is attractive at long distances and repulsive at short distances • Electrostatic is repulsive between proton to proton and is long ranged
What is a hadron?
Quarks affected by the strong nuclear force eg protons, neutrons
Why are the densities of different nuclei roughly the same?
mass ∝ nucleon number => volume ∝ nucleon number Mass to volume ratio is the same so density does not change