periodicity 3.2.1 in papers 1 + 3
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why do metallic bonds get stronger?
metal ions have increasing nuclear charge and decreasing radius which leads to high electrostatic forces which holds the ions more strongly in the lattice
what happens as protons increases?
electrostatic attraction between the nucleus and the outer electron increases making the atomic radius smaller
explain the dip in I.E in group 2 - 3?
• new shell so slight increase in shielding • p sub shell is futher away from the nucleus than the s sub shell so easier to overcome • weaker attraction between nucleus and outer electron
explain the dip in I.E in group 5-6
• paired outer elctron so experience electron electron repulsion, making electron easier to remove and overcome
what is observed when magnesium reacts steam?
a bright light