C1.1 Enzymes and Metabolism - Pre-IB Biology Work
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What is metabolism?
The sum of all enzyme-catalysed reactions in a cell or organism.
What are the two main functions of metabolism?
Supplying energy and synthesizing cellular materials.
Why are enzymes important in metabolism?
They allow precise control due to substrate specificity.
Why are many enzymes needed in cells?
To handle the full range of metabolic reactions.
What do anabolic reactions do?
Build complex molecules from simpler ones.
What do catabolic reactions do?
Break down complex molecules into simpler ones.
What type of reaction is anabolic?
Condensation reactions (produce water).
What type of reaction is catabolic?
Hydrolysis reactions (require water).
Do anabolic reactions require or release energy?
They require energy (endergonic).
Do catabolic reactions require or release energy?
They release energy (exergonic).
Give examples of anabolic reactions.
Photosynthesis, protein synthesis, DNA replication.
Give examples of catabolic reactions.
Cellular respiration, digestion of macromolecules.
What are enzymes?
Globular proteins that act as biological catalysts.
How are enzymes usually named?
after their substrate + “ase” (e.g., lipase).
What is the active site?
The region where the substrate binds to the enzyme.
Are enzymes used up in reactions?
No, they are reusable.
What determines substrate binding at the active site?
Its 3D shape and chemical properties.
What is activation energy?
The minimum energy required for a reaction to occur.
How do enzymes affect activation energy?
They lower it, speeding up reactions.
In exergonic reactions, what happens to energy?
It’s released (catabolic).
What is a catalyst?
Something that speeds up reactions without being consumed.
In endergonic reactions, what happens to energy?
It’s absorbed (anabolic).
How do enzymes act as catalysts?
They allow reactions to happen at biological temperatures.
Why are enzymes needed for DNA replication and digestion?
To make reactions fast enough for cell survival.