Energy, fossil fuels and renewable energy
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Define energy and state its units. 2 marks
Energy is the ability to do work. It is measured in Joules (J)
List the 8 main forms of energy and explain them. 16 marks
Store of energy - energy stored in - examples 1. Light - photons - a torch 2. Sound - sound waves - someone speaking 3. Gravitational potential - an object at height - an aeroplane 4. Kinetic - moving objects - kicked football 5. Chemical potential - chemical bonds - batteries 6. Internal (heat/thermal) - hot objects where particles vibrate faster - hot cup of coffee 7. Elastic potential - an object that is squashed or streched - compressed spring 8. Nuclear - the nucleus of an atom - uranium
State the Law of Conservation of Energy. 1 mark
total amount of energy stored at the start = total amount of energy stored at the end Energy can neither be created nor destroyed - only converted from one form to another.
Show how energy can be transferred from one form to another. 2 marks
A clock striking shows how the kinetic energy of the hammer striking the bell can be converted to the sound energy of the bell.
Describe conduction, convection and radiation. 3 marks
Conduction is the transfer of heat through objects touching. Convection is the transfer of heat through moving air. Radiation is when an object gives off heat into its surroundings.
Distinguish between renewable and non-renewable energy sources and give examples. 4 marks
Renewable sources of energy do not get smaller as they are used. * Solar power * Biomass * Wind power * Geothermal power * Hydroelectric power * Tidal power - water trapped at high tide - gravitational potential * Wave power - the up and down movement of waves Non-renewable sources of energy cannot be replenished within a lifetime. * Fossil fuels * Nuclear
Give an example of renewable energy and state how it can benefit the environment. 2 marks
Wind power benefits the environment because it is a green way of generating electricity.
Define a fossil fuel and how it is formed. Give an example. 3 marks
Fossil fuels: 1. Coal 2. Oil 3. Gas A fossil fuel is an energy source formed in the Earth’s crust from decayed organic material. Organic material gets buried deep in the crust for millions of years and breaks down into fuel.