Required Practicals Paper 1
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Rates of reaction Q: How do you investigate concentration and rate?
Place flask on black cross Measure sodium thiosulfate Add hydrochloric acid Start stopwatch Stop when cross disappears Repeat with different concentrations
How do you do paper chromatography?
Draw pencil baseline Add sample spot Put paper in solvent (spot above solvent) Let solvent rise Measure distances Never use pen To work out use rf vaule=distance moved by substance/distance moved by solvent
How do you measure temperature change?
polystyrene cup, thermometer, measuring cylinder Measure reactants Record starting temperature Mix solutions Stir Record highest/lowest temp Rise = exothermic Fall = endothermic
How do you make soluble crystals?
beaker, filter funnel, filter paper, evaporating basin Warm acid in beaker Add excess insoluble base Filter excess solid Pour into evaporating basin Heat gently Cool to form crystals
Electrolysis Q: What equipment is used and what forms?
Equipment: power supply, electrodes, electrolyte Cathode (−): metal / hydrogen Anode (+): non-metal Molten = only compound ions present
How do you test gases?
Equipment: test tube, splint, limewater Hydrogen → squeaky pop Oxygen → relights glowing splint CO₂ → limewater cloudy Chlorine → bleaches damp litmus