Beef Cattle

show cattle, 80 breeds, ~100,000

~900,000 producers to raise ~34million calves for market, produce calves destined for other industry segments

texas, oklahoma, missouri, nebraska, south dakota, kansas, montana

climate, feed resources, terrain

increased carcass weight, feedlot turnover rate, genetics for growth and muscling because of continental breeds, selection for growth traits, and technologies

add weight to weaned calves before finishing at feedlot 60% in plain states

feed from weaning/stocker to harvest weight/condition, confined feeding operation, high grain ration for 90-150 days ~82000 feedlots *feedlots with 1000> head= 2.6% of total feedlots but market 85% of cattle fed

harvest cattle, fabricate into primals/subprimals (round, loin, rub, chuck, ribeye, tenderloin

8.57 billion pounds of beed purchased by foodservice in 2019, ground beef 63% of volume, steak 42% of $spent

330 million in US, changing demographics, 7.85 billion worldwide

1/1/22 #s: total cow numbers: 2200000 beef cow numbers: 1299000 cattle/calves on grain feed: 43000

cattle population: india, brazil, china, US, EU beef production: US, brazil, EU, china, india

british, continental, cooler climates british: maternal traits, smaller mature frame size compared to continental

india, warmer climates, zebu: humped back, large dewlap, long horns, hardy, longevity, athletic

british breed-scotland, black or red coats, one of the most populat breeds in the US, smaller frame, early maturing, easy marbling, dark color for no sunburn, certified angus beef

red and black were original colors, breed registry developed in 1950s, similar traits as black angus

polled or horned, red with white markings, natural aptitude to grow and gain from grass and grain, rusting ability, hardiness, early maturity and prolificacy, certified hereford beef

developed in northern england, originally a dual purpose breed, known for high milking ability, small early maturing, horned and polled, red and white, roan

mature at larger frame size, terminally oriented, more lean product–> yield grade

originates from france, has been extensively used in crossbreeding programs, known for their ability to walk, graze aggressively in warm weather, withstand reasonable cold, and raise heavy calves bulls have developed a well-earned reputation to increase ruggedness of animals

developed in italy, first brought as semen to US, very large with bulls weight up to 4000lbs, white in color with dark pigment on nose and around eyes, used extensively in crossbreeding programs to increase frame size

ancient breed that developed in france, originally tan to brown now have black color, muscling, sturdiness, and adaptability, used mostly in crossbreeding programs

originated in southern germany, originally selected for meat, milk, and work, red in color with good skin pigmentation, known for fertility, calving ease, mothering ability, and growth rate of calves

from france, dual purpose breed, introduced to US through AI, very large mature size, well muscled