The Nervous System
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Define Nerves
The body’s wiring, sending and receiving electrical impulses from all parts of the body. A network allowing communication, coordination and interaction of body tissues and systems and between the body and external environment.
What is the order of the Central Nervous System?
• Central Nervous system (CNS) • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) 2A. Sensory nerves 2B. Effector Nerves Bi. Somatic Bii. Autonomic From autonomic is the sympathetic and Parasympathetic
What is the characteristics of a Neuron?
Soma (cell body)- which contains the nucleus Dendrites Axon Myelin Axon Terminal
What is the join between the nerves called?
Synapse
What is the central nervous system made of?
Brain and Spinal cord. Made of >100 billion neurons.
Why do neurons normally look grey?
From lack of Myelin
What are the main parts of the brain called?
Cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon and brain stem
What is the cerebral cortex?
The outer region is the conscious brain.
What is the Cerebrum sectioned into?
4 outer lobes and 1 inner lobe
What are the specialised neurons called?
Reticular formation
What is the role of the brain stem in conduction?
All information from body to brain and vice versa travel via brain stem.
Define Sensory pathways
From the body, they are ascending pathways that relay pain, temperature, touch, etc.
Define Motor Pathways
Pathways descending to the body.
What is the integrative functions undertaken by the brain stem?
Involved in cardiovascular system control, respiratory control, pain sensitivity control, alertness, awareness and consciousness.
Where is the spinal cord located?
Within the spinal vertebrae
How does the spinal cord create the PNS?
It branches out between each vertebrae
What is grey matter?
Unmyelinated axons
What is white matter?
Myelin sheath wrapped around axon of neuron
How many pairs of nerves are there in the Peripheral Nervous system?
43 pairs 12 cranial pairs 31 spinal pairs
What is the Somatic Nervous System?
Voluntarily controlled movements
What is the Autonomic Nervous System?
involuntary movements, e.g. heart rate, blood pressure etc.
Define Sympathetic
Fight or flight response, Speeds up heart rate etc.
Define Parasypathetic
Slows down heart rate etc, rest and recovery
Define Motor unit
A single motor neuron and all the muscle fibres it innervates.