Ruminant Digestive System
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Saliva is used as a buffer to?
Maintain rumen pH
The esophagus opens up into what compartments?
Rumen and reticulum compartments
The esophagus opens up into what compartment after 6-8 weeks of age?
The rumen compartment
The esophagus opens up into what compartment before 6-8 Weeks of age?
The reticulum compartment
What 4 compartments does the stomach divide into?
• Rumen • Reticulum • Omasum • Abomasum
How big is the rumen?
It almost fills the entire left side of the abdominal cavity?
Ruminants do what to the bolus (cud) and chew undigested food?
Regurgitate
What are the ruminants called until theyre about 6-8 weeks of age?
Functional monogastrics
Why are ruminants called functional monogastrics before they reach 6-8 weeks of age?
Their rumens are not fully developed yet
The rumen is what at birth?
very underdeveloped
What is the reticulum commonly known as?
The honeycomb or hardware store because it traps nails, wire, and metal to protect the rumen from puncture
What does the reticulum do in young calves?
It helps move ingesta into the omasum
Are enzymes secreted in the reticulum?
No
**How does food pass through the digestive system in young calves?
• Food passes through the esophagus and into the esophageal groove • It then goes into the reticulum bypassing the rumen because it is not fully developed
**When does the esophageal groove close?
6-8 weeks of age
The esophageal groove moves ingesta directly from the what into the what in young calves?
• Reticulum • Omasum
Mature rumen walls contain what to propel feed?
Papillae
The rumen has no what, but is has micro flora action?
Enzyme secretions
The rumen has no enzyme secretions, but it does have what?
micro flora action
What type of compartment is the rumen?
A large, hollow, muscular compartment
What are the functions of the rumen?
• It stores ingested food • It soaks ingesta • It physically mixed and breaks down ingesta • Its the fermentation chamber
What two things are needed in the fermentation chamber?
• Bacteria • Protozoa
The omasum has short and blunt what?
Papillae
What is the function of the omasum?
It reduces particle size of ingesta and H2O absorption