UNIT 2 - KA2
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What are hormones
Hormones are chemical messengers that are secreted into the bloodstream
What happens when a hormone reaches its specific target tissue
When a hormone reaches its specific target tissue it brings about a specific effect
What do hormones control
Hormones control the onset of puberty, sperm production and the menstrual cycle
What happens at the onset of puberty
At the onset of puberty, the hypothalamus produces a releaser hormone which targets the pituitary gland
What happens as a result of the hypothalamus producing releaser hormones
As a result the pituitary glands is stimulated to produce two hormones
What two hormones does the pituitary gland produce
• follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) • interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH) in men and luteinising hormone (LH) in women
What are the hormones released by the pituitary gland responsible for triggering
These hormones are responsible for triggering sperm production in men and menstruation in women
What does FSH stimulate the production of in males
FSH stimulates the production of sperm in the seminiferous tubules in the testes
What does ICSH Stimulate the production of in men
ICSH stimulates the production of testosterone in the interstitial cells in the tests
The role of testosterone ) - i
It stimulates the production of sperm in the seminiferous tubules
The role of testosterone ) - ii
It stimulates the seminal vesicles and prostate gland to produce their secretions
The role of testosterone ) - iii
at high concentrations it inhibits the secretion of FSH and ICSH by the pituitary gland
What is the inhibition of the pituitary gland by testosterone an example of
This inhibition of the pituitary gland by testosterone is an example of negative feedback control
What is the release of the hormone testosterone back to the pituitary gland an example of
Hugh concentration of testosterone - this is an example of negative feedback control
What does high levels of testosterone cause inhibition of
Testosterone is under negative feedback control. High levels of testosterone cause inhibition of the pituitary gland which reduces the secretion of FSH and ICSH which in turn reduces the levels of testosterone
How many days approximately are in the menstrual cycle
The menstrual cycle takes approximately 28 days with the first day of menstruation regarded as day one c
What are the four hormones directly involved with the control of the menstrual cycle
• the pituitary hormones FSH and LH • the ovarian hormones oestrogen and progesterone
What do the releaser hormones do
The releaser hormones from the hypothalamus stimulate the secretion of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland
What 2 hormones are produced by the pituitary gland in women
• follicle stimulating hormone • luteinising hormone
What is the role of FSH in women
• stimulates the development of the follicle • stimulates the follicle to produce oestrogen
What is the role of LH in women
• surge in LH triggers ovulation • follicle develops into corpus luteum • corpus luteum secretes progesterone
What is the first ovarian hormone produced
Oestrogen
What is the second ovarian hormone produced
Progesterone
When is progesterone secreted
Secretion of progesterone after ovulation