Nutrients
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Nutrient
substance that is consumed to support cellular needs for work, growth, reproduction, maintenance and repair of tissues
Water makes up how much of an adult animal
50-75%
2 main functions of water
-a component for cellular metabolism -a medium for thermoregulation independent of environment
metabolic water
-water produced as a result of metabolic reactions -2 amino acids create a peptide bond and it creates water -very important in desert animals
Hydrolysis
-cutting of a molecule in the presence of water
Carbohydrates
-provide energy- 4kcal/gram -provide fiber
forms of carbohydrates
-sugar (simple carb), starch, fiber
carbs are stored where in the body
there is very little storage in body, stored as glycogen in liver, if any
carbs are the most what
cheapest and must readily abundant source of energy
the kreb cycle
how glucose is broken down, ATP is the end goal
catabolic reactions
breaking down glucose
anabolic reactions
building glucose
carbs named based on _______
structure
monosaccharids:
glucose, fructose, galactose (C6H12O6)
diasaccarides
maltose, sucrose, lactose
complex carbs
Polysaccharides (>10 saccharides)
starch
amylose, amylopectin
Dietary fiber
cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin
Fiber:
-pectin, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin -some require special digestion, digestion is usually slower
NDF
(acid detergent fiber) - true fiber content of feeds -pectin, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin
ADF
(acid detergent fiber) -less digestible fibers -cellulose -lignin
chart thing
cellulose-VFA-Glucose -energy
Starch
Portion of the endosperm in seeds of plants or in roots quickly and easily digested by enzymes in the small intestine
another chart thingy
starch-glucose-energy