CARBOHYDRATE
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Carbohydrates are split into 2 groups?
sugar and starch
sugars are divided into two groups?
Intrinsic and extrinsic.
furthermore extrinsic is split in two as well?
milk sugars and free sugars
Explain intrinsic sugar?
naturally present in cell, no adverse effect on health.
Explain milk sugars?
not bound in cellular structure.
Explain free sugars?
added to food or present in honey.
What are the recommended intakes for carbohydrates?
50% altogether 45% starch 5% free sugar
What are the functions of carbohydrates?
Energy - broken down to glucose for immediate use and glycogen reserves. Storage - glucose in excess of energy converts to fat and is stored in adipose tissue. Protein sparing - protein spared for growth and repair when diet is sufficient. Synthesis of glycoprotein - immune, digestive, reproductive system.
Explain the two types of dietary fibre?
Soluble - slows release of glucose to blood minimizes diabetes symptoms. Insoluble fibre - increases bulk of material in large intestine, good gut health.
What are empty calories?
provide no nutrients but energy.
What are the factors that enhance negative dental health in children?
Acid -multiplication of bacteria. Demineralization - acid erodes enamel. Frequency - if high pH - bad
Explain what glycaemic index is? (low and high)
low GI food - absorbed more slowly, regulates blood sugar levels. High GI food - quick absorption, blood glucose rises sharply.
What are the factors that affect a foods GI?
physical form of food, processed, type of fibre, cooked.
What is the definition of GI?
glycaemic index is a way of ranking carbohydrate containing foods to how they effect blood sugar levels after eating.