Minerals
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What is a mineral?
A mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and orderly arrangement of atoms
What are the 5 characteristics of minerals?
Naturally occurring - Definite Chemical Composition - Crystalline Form - Solid - Inorganic
What is a solid?
A solid has a definite shape and volume
What are native elements?
A native element is made up of only one element.
What determines the size of a crystal?
The pressure and the temperature from which it forms.
How does a large crystal form?
A large crystal forms when magma crystallizes slowly. Ex. Andesite
How does a medium size crystal form?
A medium-sized crystal forms when magma closer to the surface cools faster.
How does a small crystal form?
A small crystal forms when lava cools quickly near/on the earth’s surface.
How do minerals form?
Hot solutions - Cold solutions - Dry conditions - Not so dry conditions.
How can you identify different minerals?
Streak - Color - Luster - Density - Hardness.
What are the special properties?
Texture - Reaction with acid - Fluoresence - Magnetic - Odor.
Halite
Non-metallic (Luster) - Cleavage - Salt (food additive) melts ice (uses) - Salty & reacts w/ acid (properties).
Calcite
Non-metallic (Luster) - Cleavage - Cement, Polarizing Prisms (uses) - bubbles w/ acid (properties).
Talc
Non-metallic (Luster) - Cleavage - Talcum powder, soapstone, Baby powder (uses) - not acidic, soapy, greasy (properties).
Pyrite (Fools gold)
Metallic (Luster) - Fracture - ore of sulfur (uses) - not acidic, looks like gold (properties).
Biotite Mica
Non-metallic (Luster) - Cleavage - Electrical insulator (uses) - perfect 1-dimensional cleavage (properties).
Magmatite
Metallic (Luster) - Fracture - ore of iron (uses) - magnetic, does not react to acid (properties).
Fluorite
Non-metallic (Luster) - Cleavage - hydrofluoric acid, painting pigments (uses) - cleavage in 4 distinct directions (properties).
Quartz
Non-metallic (Luster) - Fracture - Jewelry, electronics (uses) - hexagonal, does not react w/ acid (properties).
What is an ore?
An ore is a source from which valuable matter is extracted and usually sold for profit.
Hardest mineral? Softest mineral?
Hardest: diamond Softest: Talc
Mohs scale for fingernail, glass, streak
Fingernail - 2.5 Glass - 5.5 Streak plate -7
Ruby
Corundum - 9
Emerald
Beryl - 7.5