4.1 Basic Concepts And Hydrocarbons

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

Front (Question)

General formula

Back (Answer)

An algebraic formula that can describe any member of a family of compounds

Front (Question)

Empirical forumla

Back (Answer)

Simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each elemnt in a compound

Front (Question)

Molecular formula

Back (Answer)

Actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule

Front (Question)

Structurual forumla Like for Butan-1-ol

Back (Answer)

Shows arrangement of atom carbon by carbon, with the attached hydrogen and functional group CH3CH2CH2CH2OH or CH3(CH2)30H

Front (Question)

Skeletal formula

Back (Answer)

Shows the bond of the carbon skeleton only, with any functional groups. The hydrogen and carbon atoms aren’t shown. (zig zag and ring ones)

Front (Question)

Displayed forumla

Back (Answer)

Shows how all the atoms are arranged, and all the bonds between them

Front (Question)

Branched alkanes prefix or suffix General formula for alkanes?

Back (Answer)

alkyl-(-yl) CnH2n+2

Front (Question)

haloalkanes prefix or suffix

Back (Answer)

chloro-/bromo-/iodo-

Front (Question)

aldehyde prefix or suffix

Back (Answer)

-al

#10

Front (Question)

ketones prefix or suffix General formula for ketones?

Back (Answer)

-one CnH2nO

#11

Front (Question)

cycloalkanes prefix or suffix General formula for cycloalakane?

Back (Answer)

cyclo-…-ane CnH2n

#12

Front (Question)

carboxyclic acid prefix or suffix General formula for carboxcylic acid?

Back (Answer)

-oic acid CnH2n+1COOH

#13

Front (Question)

ester prefix or suffix

Back (Answer)

alkyl-…-anoate

#14

Front (Question)

Structural isomers

Back (Answer)

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula

#15

Front (Question)

Homolytic fission

Back (Answer)

Breaking a covalent bond to form two radicals Where each bonding atom is receiving one electron from the bonded pair

#16

Front (Question)

Heterolytic fission

Back (Answer)

Breaking a covalent bond to form two oppositely charged ions where one bonding atom receives both electrons from the bonded pair

#17

Front (Question)

Curly Arrow

Back (Answer)

Shows the movement of an electron pair during a reaction

#18

Front (Question)

What are the 3 steps in free radical substitution

Back (Answer)

• initiation • propagation • termination

#19

Front (Question)

what is the initiation equations for methane and chlorine to give chloro-methane and hydrogen chloride

Back (Answer)

CL2 –> 2CL.

#20

Front (Question)

what are the 2 propagation equations for methane and chlorine to give chloro-methane and hydrogen chloride

Back (Answer)

Cl. + CH4 –> CH3. +HCl Cl2 + CH3. –>CH3Cl +Cl.

#21

Front (Question)

what are the termination step equations for methane and chlorine to give chloro-methane and hydrogen chloride

Back (Answer)

Cl. + Cl. –> Cl2 Cl. +CH3. –>CH3Cl CH3. + CH3 –> C2H6

#22

Front (Question)

Why do branch isomers have lower MP then straight chained isomers?

Back (Answer)

Can’t pack close to each other and smaller molecular surface areas so less surface contact between molecules… less induced dipole forces… so less energy to break force

#23

Front (Question)

Why does BP increase as chain lengths increase for hydrocarbons?

Back (Answer)

Stronger intermolecular forces

#24

Front (Question)

Why does adding carbon to a chain start to become less significant in terms of boiling point?

Back (Answer)

As the mass is increasing by a small percentage each time