Enzymes
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What is the two theories for how enzymes work
• Lock and key hypothesis • Induced-fit hypothesis
What is Anabolic reaction
Reaction that involves making substances
What is Catabolic reaction
Reaction that involves breaking substances
Activation energy
The energy required for a chemical reaction to start
Describe the six properties of enzyme
Specificity Reversibility Enzyme concentration Substrate concentration Temperature pH rate
Describe Lock and Key hypothesis
Enzyme has a specific 3D shape and active site Only one type of substrate can bind and form enzyme-substrate complex, which fits perfectly to the a.s Reduced the activation energy and bonds in substrate is weakened Products detached from the active site and a.s is free to bind another substrate
Describe Induced-fit hypothesis
Enzyme has a specific 3D shape and active site Only one type of substrate can bind and form enzyme-substrate complex, which slightly changes the shape of the active site Reduced the activation energy and bonds in substrate is weakened Products detached from the active site and a.s is free to bind another substrate The shape of the a.s returns to its unbound state when products detaches from it
Describe different types of enzymes 1.Lipase 2.Protease 3.Amylase 4.Cellulase 5.DNA polymerase
Reduced activation energy for 1.Breaking ester bonds in lipids 2.Breaking peptide bonds in proteins 3.Breaking glycosidic bonds in starch(alpha-1,4 or 1,6 glycosidic bonds) 4.Breaking glycosidic bonds in cellulose(beta-1,4 glycodsidic bonds) 5.Breaking polydiester bonds in DNA
Why are there so many different kinds of enzymes?
Enzymes have specific shape of a.s Only 1 substrate can bind and form enzyme-substrate complex Products detaches and more substrate can bind to a.s
What determines the 3D shape of enzymes and its functions?
Primary structure ·Determines positioning and types of bonds when it folds to form tertiary structure ·Have amino acids and hydrophilic R groups on the outside of the enzyme, amino acids and hydrophobic R groups on the inside *Cause enzymes are globular proteins *Determines the shape of active site ·The shape of a.s determines the specific substrate that can form enzyme-substrate complex with
Which four bonds does enzyme have
Hydrogen bonds Ionic bonds Dissulphide bonds Hydrophobic bonds
How to calculate the rate of reaction
Change in the amount of substrate/ reaction time
How does the change in pH affect the rate of enzyme reaction
Change in pH affects ionic bonds within the enzyme between R groups; Cause a change in the shape of the active site; And affect the rate of reaction
What is enzyme?
Biological catalyst Lower activation energy *Reduce energy needed for reaction Without being used up