muscular system

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

Front (Question)

3 types of muscle

Back (Answer)

• skeletal • smooth • cardiac

Front (Question)

skeletal muscle

Back (Answer)

• voluntary • used for walking, jumping, smiling, eye movements • attached to bones by tendons • pulls on bones when it contracts • striated • multinucleated (many nuclei per cell)

Front (Question)

smooth muscle

Back (Answer)

• involuntary • found in organs like stomach, intestine, blood vessels • moves food (peristalsis) • controls blood pressure (vasoconstriction, vasodilation) • non striated • one nucleus per cell -spindle shaped cells

Front (Question)

cardiac muscle

Back (Answer)

• involuntary • found in the heart only • pumps blood throughout the body • striated like skeletal muscle • usually one nucleus sometimes two • cells are branched • connected by intercalated discs (allow heart cells to communicate and beat together)

Front (Question)

peripheral circulatory assistance

Back (Answer)

• your veins need help pushing blood back upto the heart, especially from the legs • two main things help 1. Skeletal muscle pump 2. Thoracic pump

Front (Question)

skeletal muscle pump

Back (Answer)

• big veins in legs/arms have valves when skeletal muscles contract • veins get squeezed • blood gets pushed upward toward the heart • valves prevent back flow • exercising = more blood return to heart

Front (Question)

thoracic pump

Back (Answer)

• happens when u breathe in • chest cavity expands - pressure drops - blood gets sucked towards the heart • abdominal pressure increases - pushes blood up from the abdomen

Front (Question)

relaxed muscle

Back (Answer)

valves closed

Front (Question)

contracted muscle

Back (Answer)

veins squeezed - valves open

#10

Front (Question)

thermoregulation (shivering reflex)

Back (Answer)

our muscular system helps us thermoregulate

#11

Front (Question)

If body temp drops

Back (Answer)

• posterior hypothalamus activates • smooth muscle in arterioles constrict keeping heat inside body • shivering begins - fast skeletal contractions create heat

#12

Front (Question)

if body temp rises

Back (Answer)

• anterior hypothalamus activates • arterioles dilate - more blood near skin • body cools down

#13

Front (Question)

flexion

Back (Answer)

• angle between body parts gets smaller • ex: bending elbow, bending forward

#14

Front (Question)

extension

Back (Answer)

• angle increases • straightening arm, standing upright

#15

Front (Question)

dorsiflexion

Back (Answer)

toes move up toward the shin

#16

Front (Question)

plantar flexion

Back (Answer)

toes move down toward the ground (like pressing a gas pedal)

#17

Front (Question)

sagittal planes of motion

Back (Answer)

• passes through the body from front to back • Movements: anything that goes forward or backward. • flexion, extension, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion

#18

Front (Question)

frontal plane of motion

Back (Answer)

• splits the body into front and back • movements in this plane move side to side • adduction, abduction, elevation, depression, inversion, eversion

#19

Front (Question)

adduction

Back (Answer)

• moving toward the middle of the body

#20

Front (Question)

abduction

Back (Answer)

• moving away from the middle of the body

#21

Front (Question)

elevation

Back (Answer)

lifting the shoulders up

#22

Front (Question)

depression

Back (Answer)

pulling the shoulders down

#23

Front (Question)

inversion

Back (Answer)

turning the sole of the foot inward

#24

Front (Question)

eversion

Back (Answer)

turning the sole of the foot outward