Study Guide

a. All Living things are made of cells. b. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. c. All cells come from other living cells.

Cellular Respiration is the process where animal & plant cells use oxygen to break down glucose & release energy in the mitochondria

Photosynthesis is the process where plant cells use sunlight, water & CO2 to make glucose in the chloroplast

Homeostasis-maintaining a stable internal environment (temp, pH, pressure, heart rate) ex.-shivering or bird fluffing feathers to stay warm

Respiratory system exchanges O2 & CO2 in lungs

Circulatory system transports O2 & CO2, food & water to & from cells -Capillaries-The capillaries allow oxygen and materials to diffuse easily from one place to another, and they allow wastes to diffuse out and be carried away.

reproduction-don’t need a mate, quicker, offspring are identical

reproduction-need to find mate, takes longer, genetic variation-offspring share traits from both parents

that have to be taught & learned

that doesn’t have to be taught, rather is programmed in DNA; ex-bird building a nest is an instinct

fertilization-male fertilizes female eggs inside her body; -Internal fertilization relies less on random chance than external fertilization.

External fertilization-male fertilizes female eggs outside her body

Nutrients and gases are passed between the mother and the embryo by a placenta to support the embryo’s growth.

A plant’s response to a stimuli

Gravitropism-plant will grow up against gravity when knocked on side

Phototropism-plant growing toward the light

a. Bring in nutrients & water b. Obtain Energy c. Get rid of wastes d. Reproduce

Selectively Permeable-It allows some substances to move in and out, and it keeps others out.

12.Cell Division or Mitosis-Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase a. Results in two identical daughter cells b. If the nuclear membrane didn’t break apart before dividing…The chromosomes would not be able to move to opposite ends of the cell, resulting in uneven distribution between the daughter cells.

Cells→ Tissues→ Organs→ Systems→ Organisms

Autotroph-”producers” make their own food (glucose) by using water,CO2, & light thru process of photosynthesis

Heterotroph-”consumer” must eat other organisms to obtain energy

15.Exhaling-removes wastes products (CO2) from your body during cellular respiration

More advanced organisms-internal fert., fewer offspring, longer parental care