One Health and One Welfare

Growth Reproduction (Food Animals) Behaviour (what’s normal for the species?)

Grow rapidly (broiler chickens) Reproduce efficiently (swine) Milk production (dairy cattle) Gain lean weight rapidly (beef cattle) Performance (horses) Healthy food products (food animals)

Very similar to how we measure humans Lifespan Behaviour Friendliness Potential for zoonotic disease

An interruption or disorder of body functions, systems, or organs

A morbid entity has two of the following: - Recognized causative agents - Identifiable group of signs and conditions - Consistent anatomical alteration

• Health Canada • WHO • Public Health Agency of Canada • Agriculture and Agi-Food Canada • Whole Health Organization for Animal Health • Canadian Food Agency

-One health - welfare of animals - Food production - Global trade - Economics

• Environmental management • Nutrition • Genetics • Human interactions • Preventative medicine • Biosecurity

• Pathogen exposure • Hygiene • Exposure to elements

• Malnutrition • Over nutrition (includes overweightedness and too much nutrients) • Inappropriate nutrition (provided a diet that does not maintain their health)

• Susceptibility to disease • Inappropriate nutrition

• The microorganism needs to be found in abundance in all organisms suffering from the disease • Microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and frown in pure culture • The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism • The microorganism must be re-isolated form the inoculated diseased experimental host and identified to be identical to the original

A disease or infection where infection is naturally transferable from animals to humans

A human disease is transferable to animals

62% of infectious human pathogens are zoonoses 75% of emerging human infections are zoonotic

Humans, animals, and ecosystems are all connected and must be treated for people to be healthy

• Nutrition • Physical Environment • Health • Behavioural Interaction • Mental/Affective state

A combination of physical and mental state - Supporting both individual physical and mental needs - coping ability - Opportunities for positive experiences (not just avoiding bad ones)

• Increased socialization • Increased exercise • Sense of companionship • Decreased anxiety

• Financial concerns • Wealth • Lack of infrastructure support • Health and behaviour issues • Human mental heath issues make it hard to care for animals

YES (Animals are also often used as leverage to keep people in abusive situations)

• Provide resources and safe havens for victims of violence with pets

Yep. A human’s mental and social detriments are strong predictors of animal welfare issues (Ex. Humans with anxiety are more likely to have dogs with anxiety)

• Decreasing bird populations due to city lights, traffic noise, and lack of habitat • Climate change (for obvious reasons) • Lower bird populations = Increased insect populations = Increased potential for vector borne disease