SM Group 7
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Describe tests to confirm the presence of the anion in the cream precipitate (2)
• Add (excess) dilute ammonia, the precipitate will be insoluble • Add (excess) concentrated ammonia, the precipitate will be soluble
When concentrated hydrochloric acid on a glass rod is held above a concentrated ammonia solution, a white smoke is observed Write Ionic equation with state symbols for reaction between hydrochloric acid and ammonia (2)
HCl(aq) + NH3(aq) -> NH4Cl(s)
Hydrogen chloride does not conduct electricity Hydrochloric acid is a good conductor of electricity Give a reason for this change in conductivity (1)
• In a gas, hydrogen and chlorine are bonded covalently • In aqueous solutions, hydrogen and chloride are bonded ionically
What cation is present if aqueous sodium hydroxide is and damp red litmus paper turns blue (1)
ammonia