Unit 3-Glossary
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Metallic bonding
Electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons.
Electrolyte
A solution that conducts electricity because it contains ions.
Half‑cell
A metal in a solution of its own ions.
Salt bridge
A device that allows ions to move between half‑cells to complete the circuit.
Oxidation
Loss of electrons.
Reduction
Gain of electrons
Redox reaction
A reaction where oxidation and reduction occur at the same time.
Electrolysis
The decomposition of an ionic compound into its elements using electricity.
Polymer
A long chain molecule made by joining many small molecules called monomers.
Monomer
A small unsaturated molecule that can join to form a polymer.
Unsaturated
Contains a carbon‑to‑carbon double bond (C=C).
Addition polymerisation
A reaction where unsaturated monomers join to form a polymer.
Repeating unit
The shortest section of a polymer chain that repeats to form the whole polymer.
Fertiliser
A substance added to soil to provide essential nutrients for plant growth.
Essential elements (plants)
Needed for healthy plant growth. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
Neutralisation reaction
Acid + base → salt + water.
Radioactive decay
A change in the nucleus of an atom that makes it more stable.
Alpha particle
A helium nucleus containing 2 protons and 2 neutrons.
Beta particle
A high‑energy electron ejected from the nucleus.
Gamma ray
A high‑energy electromagnetic wave.
Half‑life
Time for half the nuclei in a sample to decay.
Precipitation reaction
Two solutions react to form an insoluble solid (precipitate).
Filtration
Separating an insoluble solid (residue) from a liquid (filtrate).
Titration
Technique used to find the exact volume needed to reach the end‑point of a reaction.