Chemical reactions
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a substance with a pH below 7
Acid
a substance with a pH above 7
Base
a soluble base (can be dissolved in water).
Alkali
a substance with a pH of 7.
Neutral
the reaction between an acid and a base to form salt and water.
Neutralisation
the product of a neutralisation reaction.
Salt
a chemical used to identify the pH of a substance.
Indicator
a way of representing a chemical reaction that always has the same format-Reactants → products
Word equation
bubbles inside a liquid.
Effervescence
another way of saying burning
Combustion
In combustion, a substance will combine with what
oxygen
When an alkane undergoes combustion, what ‘products’ are produced
it creates carbon dioxide and water Butane + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
When an acid and a base combine what happens
we get a neutralisation reaction
neutralisation reaction
Acid + alkali → Salt + water
acid and metal carbonate equation
Acid + metal carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide
Describe the limewater test
Bubbling gas through limewater. If the gas is carbon dioxide then the limewater will go cloudy.
Name the test for carbon dioxide
limewater test
what process separates a solute from a solution
Distillation
Describe the distillation process
It works by boiling off the solvent and then condensing it. The solute is left in the flask.
What is Fractional distillation
Fractional distillation separates Liquids that have different boiling Points.
Describe Fractional distillation process
The liquid with the lowest boiling point will boil first, be condensed and then collected
In reactivity, what is Displacement
When a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from a compound. E,g. Copper sulfate + magnesium → magnesium sulfate + copper
The name of a salt has two parts.
The first part comes from the metal, metal oxide or metal carbonate. The second part comes from the acid.
what salt is made when Sodium hydroxide reacts with Hydrochloric acid
Sodium chloride