exam 1 pt 2
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From the list below, select the reasons that Le Chatelier’s Principles do not apply to cellular systems. (Select all that apply) 6
Because cells are not at equilibrium, try to achieve homeostasis/steady state, opened systems with interconnected pathways, have some irreversible reactions, energy inputs (ATP) break eq., rnx often controlled by enz.
Which enzymes are [REDACTED] regulated? tips – 3
Most likely, it is asking about those that are highly regulated. (Highly regulated enzymes are those that are unidirectional) Find irreversible reactions Find points where the reaction branches Find any feedback loops where an enzyme is inhibited SIGNIFICANTLY regulated: anything unidirectional
If there was a decrease in [REDACTED], which enzyme is likely to increase activity in the forward direction? tip 1
Tip: find the first UNDERLINED enzyme, this will often be the correct answer
Which substrate is likely to bind at a [REDACTED] and on which enzyme? (Select a substrate and an enzyme) – allosteric site + which enz
In this case, it would be an enzyme that is unidirectional, in which the product will bind allosterically to the enzyme in competitive fashion.
In a cellular system, the concentration of a metabolite is noted to be [REDACTED]mM. Over time this metabolite [REDACTED]. What is the expected response of the system? lower km
Km is the substrate concentration. When it lowers, the active site and the ES complex are strong, but the substrate concentration is low, as it needs a small amount of substrate. The System is expected to take the product and flow back to the metabolite to try and achieve its steady state again or pull the metabolite from upstream reactions to achieve its steady state. steady state phenomenon
Evaluate the provided statement. Determine if the statement is correct or incorrect. If the statement is incorrect determine if the error is in clause (A) or clause (B) or both: (A) An isozyme is a [REDACTED]; (B) therefore, isozymes [REDACTED] gene. (A) Isozyme is a different form of an enzyme. ___ // is a variant of a given enz found in a different cellular location ___ (B) Isozymes are encoded by different genes. ___. Isozymes come from the same gene ___
correct, correct, correct, incorrect
Given the following determine the velocity. Provide only a numerical answer. Km = [REDACTED], Vmax = [REDACTED], S = [REDACTED] What is the velocity equation
V = [S] * Vmax // [S] + Km
Given the following, determine if the reverse reaction is favorable or unfavorable: A + B <–> C + D dG = [REDACTED] delta G<0, Delta G>0, Delta G =0. reverse + forward
Delta G < 0 FAVORABLE FOR FORWARD, UNFAVORABLE FOR REVERSE. Delta G > 0 UNFAVORABLE FOR FORWARD, FAVORABLE FOR REVERSE Delta G = 0 Eq.
Match the descriptor to the term: * Apopenzyme – * Holoenzyme – * dG = 0 – * dG > 0 – * dG < 0 –
• Apopenzyme – Inactive Enz • Holoenzyme – Active Enz • dG = 0 – Equilibrium • dG > 0 – Unfavorable • dG < 0 – Favorable
Evaluate the provided statement. Determine if the statement is correct or incorrect. If the statement is incorrect determine if the error is in clause (A) or clause (B) or both. (A) Km is a value that is [REDACTED]; (B) if Vmax [REDACTED] Km is [REDACTED]. A) 1/2 vmax B) 200 units per sec and 100 units per sec C) km is a value of the concentration of substrate needed to give ½ vmax. D) units for km are in concentration AND half of vmax
A) + B) incorrect, C) + D) correct