Unit 3 Topic 1a ✓

A haloalkane is a substituted alkane where one or more of the hydrogen atoms is replaced with a halogen atom NOTE: Monohaloalkanes have one halogen atom

Ethers are substituted alkanes where a hydrogen atom is replaced by an *alkoxy * functional group (-OR) NOTE: Ethers are used as solvents

Benzene is the simplest “aromatic” hydrocarbon, it has a conjugated system which makes it very stable

A conjugated system is alternate double and single bonds, it forms a very stable structure

Amines are organic derivatives of ammonia where at least one of the hydrogen atoms of ammonia is replaced by an alkyl (R) group

Amides are carboxylic acid derivatives where the -OH of the acid has been replaced by -NH2, -NHR or -NR2 of an amine

A nitrile is an organic compound with a cyano group attached to the terminal carbon

A salt that is produced when a carboxylic acid reacts with an amine. When it is heated it forms the corresponding amide with the loss of water

Esters are formed from a condensation reaction between an alcahol and an acid (either carboxylic or acid chloride) The alcahol provides the -yl part of the name, acid supplies the -oate part

An acid chloride is a molecule where the hydroxyl group of an acid is replaced by a chlorine atom. Reaction with acid chloride is quicker than with carboxylic acid