Chapter 1: Stoichiometric Relationships
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What is the relative formula mass of a compound?
Sum of the relative atomic masses of its elements.
What does molar mass represent?
Mass of one mole of a substance.
What does the empirical formula of a compound show?
The simplest ratio of its atoms.
What information does the molecular formula provide?
The actual number of atoms in a compound.
What determines the theoretical yield in a reaction?
The limiting reactant.
Define the theoretical yield of a chemical reaction.
The maximum amount of product obtainable if the reaction goes to completion.
What is percentage yield in stoichiometry?
Actual yield divided by theoretical yield
What is a solution in chemistry?
A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
What is titration used for in chemistry?
Determining the concentration of a solution.
What is a stoichiometric coefficient in a balanced equation?
It shows the ratio in which substances react.
Why is the limiting reactant important in stoichiometry?
It limits the amount of product formed.
How do you calculate empirical formula from mass percentages?
Convert percentages to moles
How do you find molecular formula from the empirical formula?
Multiply the empirical formula by the ratio of molar mass to empirical formula mass.
What does “molar volume of a gas” mean?
The volume occupied by one mole of gas under specific conditions.
What is the standard molar volume of a gas at STP (standard temperature and pressure)?
22.4 liters.
What is the importance of stoichiometry in chemical reactions?
It ensures correct proportions for reactants and products.
What is the unit of molar mass?
Grams per mole (g/mol).
How do you determine the limiting reactant?
Compare the mole ratio of reactants to their coefficients in the balanced equation.
What is the purpose of calculating percentage yield?
To measure the efficiency of a reaction.
What is meant by “reacting masses”?
The mass relationship between reactants and products.
How is a homogeneous mixture characterized?
Uniform composition throughout.
What is the significance of titration?
It helps in calculating unknown concentrations.
How is the theoretical yield different from actual yield?
Theoretical yield assumes 100% efficiency
What factors can cause percentage yield to be less than 100%?
Impurities