Volcanoes

When molten rock, or magma, bursts through a weakness in the Earth’s crust When magma is released above the Earth’s surface, it is called lava.

Lava There are several types of lava, including runny and thick and pasty.

• Runny • Thick and pasty Runny lava floods large areas to form plains, while thick and pasty lava builds up along the sides of volcanoes.

• Composite • Shield • Dome Each type has distinct characteristics and eruption styles.

Steep sided cones formed from layers of ash and lava flows They can rise over 8000 feet and are explosive, posing threats to nearby life.

Low with gently sloping sides formed from layers of lava Eruptions are non-explosive and produce fast flowing fluid lava.

Acid Lava This lava is thick and sticky and cannot flow very far before it cools and hardens.

• Active • Dormant • Extinct Each stage indicates the volcano’s eruption history and potential for future eruptions.

Recently erupted, up to 19 years ago Active volcanoes have the potential to erupt again.

Has not erupted for over 20 years but may still erupt Dormant volcanoes are in a state of rest.

Has not erupted for thousands of years and is not likely to ever erupt again Extinct volcanoes are considered inactive.

• Attracts tourists, bringing income • Provides valuable nutrients for fertile soil These benefits can enhance local economies and agriculture.

• Many lives can be lost • Lava flows can destroy settlements The destructive nature of eruptions poses significant risks to human life and property.

FALSE Shield volcanoes have non-explosive eruptions and produce fast flowing lava.