animal science chp. 15-18
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Nutrient
any feed constituent that functions in the support of life
What are the 2 types of nutrients?
Concentrates- cereal grains, oil meals, molasses, and dried milk products (high in energy, low in fiber, highly digestible Roughages- legumes, grasses, straws, silage (less digestible than concentrates
Which type of nutrient is less digestible?
Roughages
What are the 6 basic classes of nutrients?
• Water • Carbohydrates • Fats • Proteins • Vitamins • Minerals
The terms water and ____ are used interchangably.
moisture
Dry matter
the remainder of feed without water
Why is water essential for the body?
metabolic reactions, assists in transporting other nutrients, helps maintain normal body temp, and gives body physical shape
Carbohydrates contain
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Carbohydrates are classified based on the…
complexity of their chemical structure
Types of sugars
Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides
Monosaccharides
least complex sugar (contains 5-6 carbons) ex. fructose, glucose, lactose
Disaccharides
2 sugars linked together ex. lactose, maltose, sucrose
Polysaccharides
more than 2 sugars linked ex. cellulose, glycogen, starch, hemicellulose
What are the 2 most common forms of sugar?
Disaccharides & Polysaccharides
Carbohydrates
monogastric animals must convert carbohydrates to glucose to ensure absorption Starch is the primary source of carbohydrate in swine and poultry diets Ruminent animals can effectively utilize cellulose Cellulose is digested by bacteria in rumen
Ruminant
animal with a stomach with 4 compartments
Fats
contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen contains 2.25 times more energy per pound than carbohydrates provide energy and essential fatty acids
What is nitrogen is associated with?
PROTEINS
Proteins contain
hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen
Simple proteins contains only…
amino acids
Protein is the only nutrient class that contains…
nitrogen
Proteins in feeds contain _____% nitrogen on average
16
Limiting Amino Acids
some animals don’t make amino acids they need so we have to put it in their food
How are amino acids classified? Which ones must be provided by diet and which one can be synthesized by the animal?
essential (must be provided in diet) or nonessential (can be synthesized by animal)