Unit 5

A bill that protects people of color from discrimination in voting (related to the 15th Amendment of 1870). Also abolished the use of literacy requirements for anyone who completed the sixth grade.

A bill that protects people of color from discrimination on the basis of race (related to the 14th Amendment of 1868). Made racial discrimination in public accommodations illegal. Forbade many forms of job discrimination and strengthened voting rights.

Located in Article 1, Section 8. It authorizes the power of the federal government to regulate interstate commerce. Also helped the Civil Rights Act move beyond Education.

Equality of Opportunity and Equality of Outcome.

All citizens should have the chance to be rewarded equitably.

There should be greater uniformity in political, economic, and social power between various societal groups. • The nation is less committed to this equality.

The Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850.

A piece of legislation that relates to states that can or cannot permit slavery depending on the region. (ie. Northern States did not permit slavery.)

Established “popular sovereignty” - allowing states to decide if they are a free/slave state. Relates to the idea that people are sovereign.

Jim Crow laws are essentially segregationist practices. Some examples include: the white primary, poll tax, grandfather clause.

It established the “separate but equal” doctrine. This relates to the 14th Amendment and states that people of color and white are considered “separate but equal.” The Court establishes that they can create separate but equal facilities.

Overturned the “separate but equal doctrine” with a uniform 9-0 Supreme Court decision.

A policy of the government that remedies past discrimination, both in education and employment.

It allowed people of color who were originally discriminated against to have a better opportunity, or “push” by the government, to pursue education and jobs in the workforce.

Policies that protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by government officials or individuals.

A principle tool for waging struggles for equality.

Forbids the states from denying anyone “equal protection of the laws.”

• Inherently Suspect / “Strict Scrutiny” - Classifications are deemed “unconstitutional” if they do not narrowly serve some compelling government interest. • Intermediate Scrutiny - Classifications are neither constitutional or unconstitutional; must have a substantial relationship with an important government goal. • Reasonable - Classifications are constitutional and bear a rational relationship with a legitimate government purpose.

• Race • Religion • National Origin

• Gender

• Age • Wealth

These cases held that the 13th and 14th Amendment did not outlaw racial discrimination by private businesses and individuals.

Education.

“De jure” segregation refers to “by law” segregation, which is considered unconstitutional. “De facto” segregation” is “in reality” segregation. ex. Children are assigned to schools near their homes, and those homes are in neighborhoods that are racially segregated for social and economic reasons.