Lesson 2.2

A medical imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to take pictures of the soft tissues of the body.

Organisms that have membrane-bound organelles.

Any cell in the human body that is not a sex cell (egg or sperm).

A process that takes place in the nucleus of a dividing cell. Mitosis involves the doubling and separation of genetic material and results in the formation of two new nuclei, which each have the same number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus.

A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). DNA is double-stranded and helical and functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruses

Tightly coiled DNA that is found in the nuclei of cells.

Chromosome pairs, one from each parent, having similar gene composition, size, and structure

One half of a chromosome.

The centralized region joining two sister chromatids.

A lump or mass of cells caused by uncontrolled cell division; categorized as benign or malignant.

A tumor that is not cancerous; benign tumors are generally considered harmless

A cancerous tumor which will grow and spread to invade other tissues or parts of the body.

A disease caused when cells divide uncontrollably and spread into other tissues.

The spread of cancerous cells to other tissues or parts of the body

A sequence of nucleotides that codes for a protein, resulting in a specific phenotype.

A rare change in genetic material, which ultimately creates genetic diversity within a species.

A three-dimensional polymer made of amino acid monomers. A protein’s form and function are determined by a cell’s nucleic acid sequence.

The creation of a protein from a DNA template.

A building block of DNA that consists of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.

A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U). RNA is usually single stranded and functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruses.

A type of RNA that is transcribed from DNA and translated by ribosomes in the cytoplasm to produce proteins.

The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template.

The synthesis of protein using the genetic information encoded in mRNA.

One DNA base is exchanged for another, such as switching an A to a G