Atoms
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what do atoms consist of
a nucleus and electrons
what does the nucleus consist of
protons and nutrons
what charge does the nucleus have
positive, due to the presence of protons
an equal number of protons and electrons equals what charge
neurtral
what is an ion
a atom with a positive or negative charge
what is the atomic radius
the average distance beetween the cucleus and the outermost electron
what is the ‘electron cloud’
a model where the nucleus is earth and the surrounding electrons are the atmosphere
what is the atomic number
the number of protons in the nucleus
what is the atomic mass
the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
what is relative atomic mass
the ratio of the atomic mass with the weight of the different isotopes
what is an isotope
a variation of a moleucle
what is a stable isotope
an isotope that is not radioactive and that does not decay
what is a radioactive isotope
an isotope that has an unstable nucleus and can undergo spontaneous nuclear reactions
what are electrons
subatomic particles that orbit the cucleus levels
what are electrons levels known as
layers, shells, or clouds
what family of elementary particles to electrons belong to
lepton
what level do electrons tend to occupy
the lowest possible
what are the outermost electrons called
valance electrons
what does the number of valance electrons consist of
bonding behavior - fill or empty their shells
how many energy levels are there
4
what type of attraction to chemical bonds have
positive/negative
what is the first shell of an electron
the S shell - 2 electrons
2nd shell of electron
P shell - 8
3rd shell of electron
D, 18 electron