Energetics
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What is exothermic?
chemical reactions in which heat energy is given out
What is endothermic?
chemical reactions in which heat energy is taken in
What is activation energy?
the minimum amount of energy the reactant particles need to collide with each other and react
Is activation energy needed in exothermic reactions, why?
although exothermic reactions release energy, they need some activation energy to get the reaction started
What are some examples of exothermic reactions?
combustion, neutralisation, oxidisation reactions
What are bond energies?
the amount of energy needed to break one mole of a particular covalent bond used to determine whether a reaction is exothermic/endothermic
What kind of reaction is breaking bonds?
endothermic, requires energy from surrounding to break the bond
What is bond formation?
the amount of energy released to make one mole of a covalent bond
What kind of reaction is bond formation?
exothermic, energy released to form the bond
What is the formula for molar enthalpy change?
ΔH = Q/moles ΔH is the molar enthalpy change Q is the heat energy (kJ)
What is the molar enthalpy change?
the energy required to break bonds minus the energy released by forming bonds, if the value is negative the reaction is exothermic, if the value is positive the reaction is endothermic