immune system disorder
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What is an autoimmune disorder?
A condition where the body attacks and damages its own tissues.
What does an autoimmune disease do to the immune system?
Decreases the body’s ability to fight real invaders.
Give two examples of autoimmune diseases.
lupus, celaic disease
What are allergies?
A: Hypersensitivity to something in the environment.
Name common allergens.
Dust mites, cat dander, pollens.
Name common allergy symptoms.
A: Asthma, hives, anaphylactic shock, runny nose, blocked sinuses.
What does HIV target in the body?
Helper T-cells (CD4 cells).
Why are helper T-cells important?
They act like the “CEO” of immunity — they coordinate the entire immune response.
How does HIV enter a cell?
It binds to the CD4 protein marker on helper T-cells.
What does HIV do once inside a host cell?
Inserts its RNA and: i. Creates new viruses ii. Inhibits reproduction of helper T-cells
Why is HIV so dangerous?
It destroys the very cells needed to fight infections, weakening the immune system.
Why is creating a vaccine for HIV difficult?
The surface proteins of HIV constantly change (mutate).
When does HIV become AIDS?
When helper T-cell count becomes so low that there is almost no immune system left.
How long after infection can HIV be detected?
about 3 months
What technology helps prevent HIV transmission from mother to baby?
Antiviral medications that stop the virus from passing during pregnancy or birth.
How can HIV be prevented from becoming AIDS today?
Treating HIV with enough antivirals to keep the virus low.