Thermochemistry
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What does the first law state?
Energy can’t be created or destroyed
What is the equation of the internal energy of the system?
∆E = q+w
The work of a system =
-(P∆V), where P = pressure
What is ∆H?
Enthalpy
What is ∆H when Pressure is constant?
Gravity
What is it when a solid turns into a liquid?
Fusion / melting (+∆H)
What is it when liquid turns into a gas?
Vaporization / Boiling (+∆H)
What is it when a solid turns into a gas?
Sublimation (+∆H)
What is it when a gas turns into a liquid?
Condensation (-∆H)
What is it when a liquid turns into a solid?
Freezing (-∆H)
What is it when a gas turns into a solid?
Deposition (-∆H)
What are the types of systems found?
• Isolated • Closed • Open
What is an isolated system?
One which can’t exchange energy or matter with the surroundings
What is a closed system?
One that can exchange energy but not matter
What is an open system?
One that can exchange both matter and energy with the surroundings
∆H is
Enthalpy
∆S is
Entropy
∆G is
Standard Free Energy
Internal energy is the sum of
KE, PE, and chemical energies
Internal energy is
Constant
How do you measure change in enthalpy?
∆H prod - ∆H react
Isobaric processes are ones which occur at
Constant pressures
The heat given or absorbed within isobaric processes results in
Changes in enthalpy
Isochoric processes are ones which occur at
Constant volume