Intermolecular Forces
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Intermolecular forces
Forces that exist between two or more molecules
Two types of IM forced
Cohesive = attractive Repulsive
Coulomb’s Law
F = k((Q1•Q2)/R^2) k = Coulomb's constant: 9.0x10^9 Q = charge of particle R = distance b/w charges
Coulombs Law
Like Charges repel (F = +) Opposite charges attract( F = -)
Electron cloud repulsion
Prevents atoms, which are 99.99% empty, from passing right through one another ( driving force behind VSEPR theory)
Steric hinderance
Electro cloud repulsion
Three types of intermolecular attractions
Strong(ionic) Intermediate(dipole) Very weak(dispersion)
Ionic bond
Electrostatic attraction between two ions F~ Q1Q2
Dipole moments
Crates in polar molecules that have an asymmetric distribution of electron density
Dipole moments
One end of the molecule has a negative charge and the other has a positive charge; overall charge is 0
Dipole forces
The interactions between the charged portions of polar molecules
Hydrogen bonding
Type of dipole force when hydrogen is bonded to an electronegative atoms such as O, N, or F
Instantaneous dipole
When an atom has a slightly positive side and a slightly negative side
Dispersion force
The attraction between two adjacent, instantaneous, oppositely charged dipoles that happen to pop up at the same time