Chapter 1 Respiration
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What gives red blood cells their color?
Haemoglobin
What is the purpose of white blood cells?
They help to fight pathogens
What features of the red blood cell help it to perform its function?
• Haemoglobin in the red blood cells combines with oxygen to transport it around the body. • Red blood cells have no nucleus to make more space for haemoglobin • They have no mitochondria so they will not use up the oxygen for themselves • They are small so they can get through tiny blood capillaries and get really close to alveoli in the lungs and respiring cells in other parts of the body
What is plasma?
The pale yellow liquid part of our blood that transports the red and white blood cells around our body.
Glucose + oxygen=? What process is this and what are the products?
The process is aerobic respiration and the products are carbon dioxide + water
Define glucose
A sugar that is produced when the digestive system breaks down carbohydrates
What is the function of mitochondria?
They release energy from glucose
What is stored in glucose?
Chemical energy is stored so that at some point it can be transferred to other substances for cells to use
What are alveoli?
Air sacs in the lungs.
How are alveoli adapted for their function? Name 3.
They have thin walls (1 cell thick) for easy diffusion of gases Covered with capillaries ( so gas can pass between blood and lungs) They are moist (to allow gas to dissolve easily) They have a large surface area to increase the rate of gas exchange
What is gas exchange?
Inside the alveoli, oxygen from the air goes into the blood and carbon dioxide from the blood goes into the air.
Describe the relationship between body mass and the total surface area of the air sacs
The larger the body mass, the larger the surface area of
Describe what happens when you breathe in.
the intercostal muscles contract or get shorter the muscles in the diaphragm contracts volume inside chest cavity increases pressure inside chest cavity and lungs decrease air goes down trachea into the lungs to fill up extra space
Describe what happens when you breathe out.
the intercostal muscles between ribs relax (ribs return to the normal position) the muscles in the diaphragm relax (diaphragm returns to normal dome shape) decrease volume inside the chest cavity the pressure inside lungs and chest cavity increases air is squeezed out of the lungs
(True or false) Heat is given out during respiration
True (some of the chemical energy stored in glucose is changed to heat energy)
(True or false) Air that is breathed out contains oxygen
False (it contains carbon dioxide)
Define aerobic respiration
A chemical reaction that happens in mitochondria using oxygen to produce carbon dioxide
Describe the structure and function of the bronchi
Structure: There is cartilage to support them. Each bronchus divides into several smaller tubes called bronchioles that allows air to reach deeper into the lungs. Function: It delivers air to the lungs
Describe the structure and function of the trachea
It has strong rings of cartilage to keep it open and prevent it from collapsing, so that air can be kept moving in and out of the body.
What are the first 3 body parts that air passes through when we breathe in?
Nose/mouth, larynx and trachea