Waves
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Wave
A disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another (does not transfer mass)
Transverse Waves
• A wave disturbance at right angles to the direction it is moving • Can move through both matter and a vacuum (I.E. Light)
Longtitudinal Waves
*A wave that moves back and forth in the same direction the wave is traveling * Can only move through matter (I.E. Sound) (Travels faster in denser masses, opposite of Transverse Waves)
Crest
Top of wave
Trough
Bottom of wave
Amplitude
resting point to crest/trough
Wavelength
Trough to trough/ crest to crest
____ amplitude = _____ energy
More
Frequency
the number of wavelengths that pass a point each second
EM waves travel through empty space at ________
3 x 10 to the 8th m/s (speed of light) (used as c in equations)
v = _______
frequency x lambda (wavelength)
Reflection
When a wave bounces off of an object at the same angle that it hit the surface
The ________ hit the surface at an angle.
incident rays
The ____________ bounce off at the same angle as the incident rays from the normal.
reflective rays
Transverse waves ________ in speed as they move from a less dense to a denser medium.
decrease
Refraction
The change in direction and speed of a wave as it moves from one medium to a different medium (causing it to bend in some form)
Rainbows
When light waves make contact with a water droplet, the light slows down and refracts (bends). ->The light wave is then reflected off the back of the water droplet and exits the water droplet. ->The light wave is then refracted again as it exits, showing all the colors of the rainbow in order of their wavelength (longest to shortest).
Double Rainbows
When the light reflects twice off of the raindrop
What is the shape of a rainbow?
Full circle
How do prisms work?
As the light enters a new medium (enters the glass prism as it leaves the air) the light slows down. -> It bends as it slows down, scattering the light into many colors, then refracts again out the prism causing the rainbow to appear