Chapter 20

theory that life forms could spontaneously appear from non-living matter.

Challenged the theory of spontaneous generation by using meat to to prove that maggots did not appear from the meat itself.

The modern medical community uses Rudolph Virchow’s “theory of biogenesis” that states “no life-form can spontaneously appear.”

Known for his vaccination for smallpox

Scientist that reported the smallest structural forms of life were cells, (AKA: small boxes) He observed the cells using a compound microscope.

Applied the germ theory of disease to the treatment of his patients. He recognized that carbolic acid, (AKA; phenol) killed microorganisms.

Established the causation of disease by microorganisms

Established the principals of modern chemotherapy and is credited with the discovery of treatment for syphilis.

Credited with the discovery of microorganisms. In 1673 he saw red blood cells for the first time through a microscope

• Has a nuclei and cytoskeleton • Human cells are Eukaryotic • The cytoskeleton comprises a variety of proteins, provides the shape and supports the membrane bound organelles. • The nuclei contains the genetic info.

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, Prokaryotes do not.

Monera (Prokaryotae), Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

• Bacteriology • Richkettsiology • Virology • Protozoology • Mycology

the study of bacteria

the study of rickettsia

the study of viruses

the study of protozoa

the study of fungi

Prokaryotic, one-celled microorganisms belonging to the Monera kingdom. They exist as free-living organisms or as parasites, multiplying by binary fission

The smallest and simplest self-replicating bacterium, between the size of viruses and bacteria. They have no cell wall and are the smallest free-living organism currently known.

Genus of rod-shaped, gram-negative, intracellular parasitic bacteria. May change shapes. Can only reproduce in a host cell. Example: lice, fleas, ticks, mites

A group of nonmotile, gram-negative, intracellular parasites that cause disease in humans. Reproduces in the cytoplasm of the host cell.

A group of filamentous unicellular and multicellular organisms that lack chlorophyll and usually bare spores. Example; yeast and molds

The smallest category of disease-causing microorganisms. Intracellular, infectious parasite, capable of living and replicating only in living cells. They lack ATP so they depend on host cells for survival. Some are sensitive to disinfectants.