Anat: Introduction to Limbs
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What is the median plane? Another name for it aswell
The midline, longitudinal plane dividing the head and torso into equal right and left halves Also known as the middle sagittal plane
What does superior and inferior mean?
Superior: Nearer to the head Inferior: Nearer to the feet
What does and anterior and posterior mean?
Anterior: nearer to the front Posterior: Nearer to the back
What does lateral and medial mean?
Lateral: Farther from median plane Medial: Nearer to median plane
What does proximal and distal mean?
Proximal: nearer trunk or point of origin Distal: Farther from trunk or point of origin
What are the palpable sections of the pelvis?
• Pubic tubercle • ASIS (Anterior superior iliac spine • Iliac crest • PSIS (Posterior superior iliac spine)
What is the most efficient standing position in relation to the pelvis?
When the pubic tubercle and the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) is in one vertical plane Tilts away from the verticl plane can cause back pain as the spine will have to compensate for the tilt
What part of the pelvis do we sit on?
Ischial tuberosity which is only covered by a small layer of tissue when seated. When standing it is covered by the gluteus maximus muscle
What are the key parts of the femur?
Head - (ball that is joint to the hip Greater trochanter - (other section at the top of the bone) Lateral condyle - (front outside section of the bottom of the femur) Medial condyle - (front inside section of the bottom of the femur) lateral epicondyle - (rear outside section of the bottom of the femur) medial epicondyle - (rear inside section of ht bottom of the femur)
What are the main features of the tibia?
Medial condyle - (upper inside section of the top of the tibia Lateral Condyle Medial epicondyle Tibial crest - (palpable section of bone known as the shin Medial malleolus - Lower inside section of the tibia which connects to foot bones
What are the main features of the fibula?
Doesn’t form a joint with femur Fibular head - Top section of the bone on the opposite side of the tibia Lateral malleolus - Bottom section of bone that is palpable on the outside of the leg by the ankle
Where does the line of gravity go through the body?
Should go through the hip joint, patella and the middle of the foot
Where is the only bone connection in the upper body?
Humerous linked to the clavicle
What are the main features of the scapula?
Coracoid process - A short projection from the scapula, to which part of the biceps is attached Acromion - extends laterally over the shoulder joint Glenoid fossa - The humerus is held in place within the glenoid cavity by means of the long head of the biceps tendon.
What are the main features of the humerus?
Head - Top section of the bone that is joined to the glenoid fossa in the scapula Capitulum - It articulates with the cupshaped depression on the head of the radius Trochlea -
What are the main features of the radius?
Head - top of the bone where the radius attaches to the humerous Styloid process - a slender projection of bone, such as that from the lower surface of the temporal bone
What are the main features of the ulna?
Olecranon - hooks around the back of the humerus where the humerous joins to the ulna Coronoid process - a projection from the front of the ulna forming part of the articulation of the elbow. Styloid process - lower section of the ulna that joins to the hand bones