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Name a non metal that is liquid at room temperature
bromine (Br₂)
Name a metal that is liquid at room temperature
mercury (Hg)
What colour change occurs when copper (II) carbonate is heated
green to black
What are the three acids
*hydrochloric acid. *sulfuric acid. *nitric acid.
What is the chemical formula for ammonia
NH₃
What colour is methyl orange in acid and alkali
*red in acid. *yellow in alkali.
What colour is phenolphthalein in acid and alkali
*clear in acid. *pink in alkali.
State why the formation of oxygen is an oxidation reaction
*oxidation is loss of electrons. *The OH⁻ ion loses electrons.
How would you know that an ester has formed
sweet fruity smell
How do you know how to name esters
*the alcohol gives the -yl part of the name. *The carboxylic acid gives the -anoate part of the name. *E.g ethanoic acid + methanol → methyl ethanoate.
What is the general formula for alkanes
CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
What is the general formula for alkenes
CₙH₂ₙ
What is the general formula for carboxylic acids
CₙH₂ₙO₂
What is the general formula for alcohols
CₙH₂ₙ₊₁OH
Which metals do we test for order of reactivity by displacement reactions and why
metals that are lower in the reactivity series/unreactive because they don’t react with acids or water.
What is the displacement experiment used to find the order of reactivity of unreactive metals
metal + metal salt solution.
How do you test for the reactivity of unreactive metals when doing the metal + metal salt solution experiment
*A metal is added to a solution containing metal ions and salt ions. *If the metal displaces the metal ion, it is the more reactive one and a new salt and solid metal are formed. *If no displacement occurs, the metal that was added is less reactive.
Explain why OH⁻ is a proton acceptor in acid + alkali reactions
*H⁺ is a proton. *The OH⁻ ion accepts the proton (H⁺) from the acid to form water (H₂O).
What reaction is the H⁺ ion the proton donor in
H⁺ ions are proton donors in neutralisation reaction between acids and: bases, alkalis and carbonates.
Why is H⁺ a proton donor in acid reactions
H⁺ is a proton, it transfers to another substance during the reaction.
What is the method for making an insoluble salt
*mix two soluble salts in water in separate test tubes. *Pour the contents of the two test tubes into a beaker where a precipitate forms. *Filter the mixture, taking the residue. *Wash the solid with distilled water. *Perform drying (without a bunsen burner/ only oven and paper towels).
What is the method used to make a soluble salt using a base
*heat acid in a water bath. *Add base powder in excess. *Mix to ensure acid and base are fully reacted. *Filter solution to remove excess. *Perform crystallisation on the filtrate.
What is the method used to make a soluble salt using an alkali
*perform a titration with the acid, alkali and indicator to find the exact amount of alkali to neutralise the acid. *Perform neutralisation with the same volume of acid and alkali but without the indicator. *Perform crystallisation on the salt and water solution.
What is the process of crystallisation
*take solution and gently heat it over a bunsen burner until crystals begin to form. *Remove from the bunsen burner and leave the solution to cool and crystallise. *Once crystals form, filter the solution and leave in a hot, dry oven. *Remove and pat dry with paper towels.