Physical Science 15.1-15.5 test
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a chemical resulting from a collision between atoms or molecules
Chemical reaction:
the original substances that undergo a chemical reaction
Reactants
the new substances produced by the reaction
Products
an expression that uses chemical symbols to represent a chemical reaction
Chemical equation
the number before each chemical formula that indicates how many molecules or formula units of that substance are involved in the reaction
Coefficient
the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products
Law of conservation of mass
a substance that is consumed in a chemical reaction
Reactant
a substance that is formed during a chemical reaction
Product
a chemical equation that has the same number of atoms of each element on each side of the arrow (“yield’s arrow”)
Balanced Chemical equation
Chemical formulas cannot be changed to balance an equation true or false
true
a chemical reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a new substance sometimes called a synthesis reaction
Combination reaction
a chemical reaction in which a compound breaks down or decomposes to form different substances
Decomposition reaction
a chemical reaction in which a compound is replaced by another element also called a substitution reaction
Single-displacement reactions
a chemical reaction in which two compounds exchange atoms or ions
Double-displacement reaction
the study of the relationship between chemical reactions and the laws of thermodynamics
Chemical thermodynamics
a form of potential energy that may be released as thermal energy when molecules combine or break apart
Chemical energy
energy gained or lost by a system equals the energy lost or gained by the surroudings
First law of thermodynamics
a chemical reaction that releases thermal energy
Exothermic reaction
a chemical reaction that causes thermal energy to be absorbed and stored in the chemical bonds of the products
Endothermic reaction
requires that every chemical reaction must cause a decrease in usable energy and an increase in entropy (disorder)
Second law of thermodynamics
able to occur by itself without continuing outside help
Spontaneous
the area of chemistry that addresses the rates of chemical reactions
Chemical kinetics
Five main factors that affect the rate of a chemical reaction are
activation energy,temperature, solution concentration and gas pressure, surface area, and presence of a catalyst.
the kinetic energy necessary for molecules to chemically react
Activation energy