Anatomy

• Macroscopic (gross) - arms and legs etc. • Regional • Systemic e.g. neuroanatomy • Microscopic - Cytology (cells), Histology (tissues) • Developmental anatomy & embryology

• Molecules • Organelles • Cells • Tissues • Organs • Organ systems • Organisms

structure

function

in an organised structure, as it allows us to gain strength

What a structure can do

• Upper extremities (arms) • Back • Head and neck • Thorax (chest) • Abdomen • Pelvis and perineum • Lower extremity (legs)

• less infection risk • fewer staff requires • Reduces discomfort

When major organs are reversed/mirror the usual position

This was when somebody held onto a pole and bulges formed in their veins

It showed and helped people understand that the heart only pumps blood in one direction - this was shown through bulges forming due to one-way valves

Most everyday version of anatomy

• Checking if cells are normal or abnormal • Tumours • Identifying stages of disease e.g. smear test • Monitor disease progress • Confirm disease before death • Check cause of death

• many similar anatomical features - Difference in muscles positions and size and structure of inner ear - balance

• The way athletes move and act - i.e. their technique can affect everything in their performance as well as everyday life. • Could cause injury if technique not quite correct

• Allows athlete and coaches to see if thing are being done in a flawed or unflawed way for their personal anatomy i.e. jumping or serving • Might be doing things in an inefficient way which means they are using more energy than required or could lead to injury which also negatively affects performance

• For a lot of people the way they move can cause injuries in their everyday life • It allows you to understand the way they move, how much force they generate or identify problems with posture etc. • Can be used by NHS to study why people arent adapting to their implants etc

• Poor posture can have effects on health - backpain, headaches etc. • Allows some individuals to become more active despite some limitations • Can use info to adjust implants and similar things to improve quality of life

• The size of the brain doesn’t equate to intelligence - We have a large amount of folds, meaning we have more neurons, which means we can have a higher level of intelligence

• Looks like fingers and cover the lining of the intestine - Increase absorption

• Have striations (stripes) • Other muscle i.e. smooth muscle looks different • Bundles in very fine and repeating patterns

• Hard and soft components confer different characteristics - Large amounts of water and a jelly like fluid

Bone will bend a little bit before breaking - making it harder to break

It is a circle of blood vessels in the brain - creates a bypass to some vessels meaning that it is hard for a major part of the brain to die due to not having a blood supply