Module 6: SIMPLE DISTILLATION AND CHROMATOGRAPHY

• involves the process of “separating two or more liquids” homogenously mixed but with different boiling points (at least 20 degrees difference)

• when the mixture of liquids to be distilled is heated, the “liquid with the _________ boiling point” turns into vapors first

• as the distillation progresses, the concentration of the lowest boiling component will ___________

• when the temperature again stabilizes, another pure fraction of the distillate can be collected

• further acidification of the previous reaction of acetone with sodium nitroprusside and sodium hydroxide using acetic acid will convert the wine-red color into _______________, thereby confirming the distillate as acetone (as elaborated by Le Nobel)

• as the solution starts to boil, the liquid with the ______ boiling point turns to vapors first

• this vapor would then be “condensed back into liquid” inside the condenser, which will then be collected as the ________

lowering the pressure, thus, lowering the boiling point of the substance

separation of the liquid mixture can be detected through _______

• an organic sample (acetone) will ignite, thereby can identifying what type of compound is the ____________

acetone (a ketone) will react with sodium nitroprusside and sodium hydroxide producing a ________________ due to the formation of acetone nitroprusside ion complex

react with acetone (a ketone) producing a wine-red solution CH3COCH3 + Na2[Fe(CN)5NO] [Fe(CN)5NO(CH2COCH3)] NaOH2+

reaction of acetone with sodium nitroprusside and sodium hydroxide using _____________ will convert the wine-red color into magenta-red solution

• the process of separating the substances in a complex mixture by their “different affinities” to an “adsorbent”

• derived from the Greek words, chroma meaning _____, and graphein meaning to _______

Chromatography commonly used for analyzing mixtures of ______________

• this technique involves separation of constituent elements of the mixture

Chromatography invented by a Russian botanist, _________________, in 1901, while researching on plant pigments

• a liquid or solid that is fixed in a place during the process

• usually a high quality filter paper, or an adsorbent

• either liquid or gas which moves the samples through the stationary phase during the process

• solvent or a mixture of solvents

components of the sample will separate readily according to how strongly they “__________ on the stationary phase” versus how readily they “________ in the mobile phase”

• organic compounds interact with adsorbents at different ___________________