Section 4 - Forces and Energy
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What are the different energy stores?
Kinetic Thermal Chemical Gravitational potential Elastic potential Electrostatic Magnetic Nuclear
What ways can energy be transferred?
Heating Mechanically Electrically Radiation
What is a system, in physics?
A single object or a group of related objects, like cars in a car crash.
When a system changes, what happens to the energy in the system?
The energy is transferred between energy stores.
What is a closed system?
Any system where the net changes in energy is zero.
When a system is heated, what happens to the energy in the system?
Energy is transferred into the system’s thermal energy store.
What happens in a system when thermal energy is transferred inside the system?
Energy is transferred between the objects’ thermal energy stores.
Describe the equation for work done.
E=F×d E = work done F = force d = distance
What is power?
Rate of energy transfer.
What is a force?
A push or pull on an object that is caused by interacting with something.
What do free body force diagrams show?
An isolated body, an object or system on its own, and all the forces acting on it
What is resultant force?
The overall force on a point or object.
What is the resultant force of an object or point in equilibrium?
Zero.
What is a moment, in physics?
The turning effect of a force.
Describe the equation for the moment of a force.
Moment of force = force × distance
For objects in equilibrium, what must be true for the moments acting on it?
Sum of clockwise moments = sum of anticlockwise moments
What are gears?
Circular objects with teeth around their edge.
What do gears do?
They fit together to transmit turning effects.
Describe the trend between gear size and speed of rotation.
The larger the size of a gear, the slower it spins.