Core notation
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Steps to Follow When Adding e‐ (negative ions):
• Write out the core notation for the neutral atom – atom without the extra e‐ added yet • Add electrons to the next unfilled orbital ‐ add e‐ where the neutral atom left off
Steps to follow (rules for cations/positive ions):
• Write out core notation for the neutral atom • Remove e‐ from the orbital with the largest energy level first (largest n‐value 1st) • Outer e‐ will always be removed before core e‐ regardless of their energy levels
What is the order when further removing electrons in cations?
p before s before d
What are the exception group of elements that don’t take part in chemical reactions?
Noble gases
Where are VALENCE electrons not found?
‐ the core ‐ filled d or f subshells