Week 4 - Skeletal System
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State six functions of the skeletal system
• Provide support by acting as a structural framework and a point of attachment for tendons and ligaments • Protect the internal organs (brain, heart, lungs, etc) • Assist body movements (in conjunction with muscles) • Store and release calcium and phosphorus • House the red bone marrow which produces blood cells • Store triglycerides in adipose cells of yellow marrow
Name the two divisions of the skeleton
• Axial Division - Appendicular Division
What is the specific function of the Axial division?
Provides support and protection
What is the specific function of the Appendicular division?
Provides mobility for manipulation and locomotion
What are some bones in the Axial ANTERIOR view of the skeleton?
• Mandible • Sternum • Ribs
What are some bones in the Axial POSTERIOR view of the skeleton?
• Skull • Vertebral Column • Sacrum • Coccyx
What are some bones in the Appendicular ANTERIOR view of the skeleton?
• Clavicle • Scapula • Humerus • Radius • Ulna • Patella • Tibia • Fibula
What are some bones in the Appendicular POSTERIOR view of the skeleton?
• Pelvic Girdle • Carpal Bones • Metacarpal bones • Femur • Metatarsal bones • Tarsal bones
Name the 5 types of bones
• Long bones • Short bones • Sesamoid bones • Flat bones • Irregular bones
What is an example of a Long bone?
Humerus
What is an example of a short bone?
Carpals & Tarsals
What is an example of a sesamoid bone?
Patella
What is an example of a flat bone?
Ribs, sternum, skull bones
What is an example of an irregular bone?
Hip, vertebrae, facial bones
Name the cranial bones
• Parietal • Occipital • Temporal • Frontal
What are the functions of the cranial bones?
• Enclose & protect the brain - The outer surface of the cranial bones provides attachment for muscles that stabilise & move the head
Name the four major facial bones
• Nasal bone • Zygomatic bone • Maxilla bone • Mandible
Name some features and functions of the facial bones
• Form the framework of the face • Contain cavities for organs of sight, taste and smell • Provide openings for air & food passages • Secure the teeth • Anchor the facial muscle of expression
State three functions of the paranasal sinuses
• Reduce the weight of the skull • Help to resonate vocal sounds • Are lined with mucous membranes that humidify & warm air
State three functions of the vertebral column
• Transmits the weight of the trunk to the lower limbs • Surrounds & protects the spinal cord • Provides attachment points for the ribs and muscles of the back and neck
Name the five sections of the vertebral column
• Cervical • Thoracic • Lumbar • Sacral • Coccyx
How many vertebrae are in the Cervical section?
7 vertebrae
How many vertebrae are in the Thoracic section?
12 vertebrae
How many vertebrae are in the Lumbar section?
5 vertebrae