13.3
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What is culture?
Anything that is learnt- making stone tools, hunting techniques, food prep language etc
Cultural evolution
Gradual improvement of culture
What tools did Australopithecines use?
Oldowan- DID NOT CHANGE the shape of pebbles
What tools did homo habilis use?
Oldowan tools- They sharpened them by striking one stone with another
What tools did Homo erectus use?
Acheulian tools- flaked aorund the edges, teardrop shaped, bi faced
What tools did homo neanderthalensis use
Mousterin industry tools- involved making stone flakes, trimming to form cutting, scraping and gouging tools
What were the second tools that homo sapiens used?
Solutrean tools -Willow lead and laurel leaf points -Made by pressure flaking
What technique did the homo neanderthals use (explain)
Used the levallois technique: -Trimmed stone into disc shaped cores, then struck with another stone to produce sharp edges Tools that made other tools
What tools did homo sapiens first use?
Aurignacian tools -Removing long flat rectangles from stone core
Last set of tools from homo sapiens?
Magdalenian tools- Stone flakes replaced by bone antler tools Used a burin (chisel) to make tools E.G: Fine needles, fish hooks. barbed spears, spear throwers.
What species used fire first?
Homo erectus
Overall trend in tool use (5 points)
• Increase manipulation of materials • Increased complexity • Greater variety of materials • Improved workmanship • Increased specialisation
Why did this occur?
-Increase in collaboration -Increase ability to communicate -Specialised roles meaning: - Social hierachy -Planning, creative thinking, problem solviong -manipulating environment to suit their needs.
How did fire lead to a greater cognitive capacity in hominins?
-Cooked food, especially meat and fats -Increase digestibility and nutrional value -Led to increase in brain size -Led to greater cognitive capacity