Chapter 5: Nutrition
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What is energy in food measured in?
kilo-calories
What is one kilo-calorie?
How much heat it takes to raise the tempurature of 1L of water by 1 degree celcius
What three essential nutrients supply energy?
Fat, protein, carbs
Fat = \_\_ calories/gram Protein = \_\_ calories/gram Carbs = \_\_ calories/gram
9,4,4
What is an essential nutrient?
A nutrient that is needed to be able to survive
How many essential nutrients does the body need?
50
What do proteins do in the body?
Promotes the growth of muscle, connective tissue, structural components, blood, enzymes and hormones.
How many essential amino acids are in complete proteins?
9
How many amino acids are in incomplete proteins?
less than 9
What do fats do to the body?
Insulate, cushion, usable energy, absorb fat soluble vitamins
What are fats made up of?
Triglycerides
What are the two essential fats?
Linoletic acid - omega 6 Alpha-linoletic acid - omega 3
What percentage of fats are visible?
40%
What are the three types of dietary fats?
Saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated
What is the physical state of saturated fat and what source do they usually come from?
Saturated fats are mostly solid at room temperature and come from animal porducts
What is the physical state of monounsaturated fats and what source do they come from?
Usually liquid at room temperature, come from plant sources
What is the physical state of polyunsaturated fats and what source to they come from?
Usually liquid at room temperature, come from plant sources
What does the process hydrogenation do to fats?
Takes unsaturated fats and mixes them with saturated fats to create trans-fats (more solid fat)
What is the purpose of using trans-fats?
To help prolong shelf-life, create better texture, turning liquid fats into solids
Trans-fat is an artificial process. True or False?
True
What are the ‘triple negative effects’ that trans-fats have on heart health?
Raise LDL, lower HDL, produce inflammation
What do the essential nutrients omega-3 and omega-6 do to the body?
Reduce blood pressure, prevent blood clotting, prevent inflammation
How much unsaturated fat should you have a day?
3-4 teaspoons
Which type of fat has the two essential fatty acids?
Polyunsaturated contains both omega-6 and omega-3