Acids and Base
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Arrenheius acid versus Arrenheius base
Acid=H+ donor Base=OH- donor Chemist forgor about electrons, womp womp. Also both are donors wth
Bronsted-Lowry acid versus Bronsted-Lowry base
Acid=H+ donor Base=H+ acceptor The chemists still forgot about electrons…
Lewis acid versus Lewis base
Acid= e- acceptor Base=e- donor YAY we are chemists once again.
How do we find pH?
pH=-log[H+]
What does it mean by a -pKa?
It means a strong acid.
Why does the pH scale typically end at 14?
The pH scale assumes we are in aqueous conditions (H2O at 25 degrees C)
How do we find pOH?
pOH=-log[OH-]
What does a low pOH value mean?
Strong base!
What is the Ka of a strong acid? What is the pKa of a strong acid?
Ka>1 pKa<1
What is the Ka of a weak acid? What is the pKa of a weak acid?
Ka<1 pKa>1
What’s a polyprotic acid?
An acid with various pKas at various deprotonations.
What does a low pKb mean?
Strong base
What makes up a strong base typically?
Metal hydroxide with high solubility such as an alkali/akaline earth element with OH.
What is a binary acid?
Hydrogen with a metal element
Do oxygens make solutions more acidic?
Yes
What does a large charge mean in terms of a solution being basic?
Larger charge=more basic
What is a coordinate covalent bond?
Covalent bonds where one species donates both e- to generate a covalent bond. Despite one species being the sole donor, this still creates the strength of a normal sigma bond.
What makes a reaction acidic versus a reaction that is basic?
An acidic reaction will generate protons. A basic reaction will result in no protons.
What makes an acid hard?
Low electronegativity, high charge density
What makes an acid soft?
High electronegativity, low charge density
What makes an acid borderline?
High electronegativity with high charge density OR Low electronegativity with low charge density
What do hard acids prefer? What do soft acids prefer?
Hard acids prefer hard bases. Soft acids prefer soft bases.