Science Year 10 Term 3 Bio
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What is the full name for DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Where is DNA located in a cell?
In the nucleus.
What is the shape of DNA?
A double helix.
What are the components of a nucleotide?
A phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base.
What molecule is responsible for unwinding DNA during replication?
Helicase.
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases in DNA and their pairs?
Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T); Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G).
What is DNA?
A molecule that carries genetic instructions for life.
What is a gene?
A part of DNA that codes for a specific protein or trait.
What is a genome?
The complete set of genes or genetic material in an organism.
What is the purpose of mitosis?
Growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.
What is the purpose of meiosis?
To produce gametes (sperm and egg) for sexual reproduction.
Where does mitosis occur and how many daughter cells are produced?
In body cells; produces 2 identical daughter cells.
Where does meiosis occur and how many daughter cells are produced?
in reproductive organs; produces 4 non-identical daughter cells
What are the stages of mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (PMAT).
What are the stages of meiosis?
Two divisions: Meiosis I (PMAT I) and Meiosis II (PMAT II).
What is genetics?
The inheritance of traits from parents to offspring.
What is the difference between a trait and a skill?
A trait is inherited (e.g. eye color); a skill is acquired (e.g. playing piano).
What is an allele?
A different version of a gene.
What is a dominant allele?
An allele that is expressed even if only one copy is present.
What is a recessive allele?
An allele that is only expressed if two copies are present.
What does homozygous mean?
Having two identical alleles for a trait (e.g. TT or tt).
What does heterozygous mean?
Having two different alleles for a trait (e.g. Tt)
What is a genotype?
The genetic makeup (e.g. Tt, TT, or tt).
What is a phenotype?
The physical expression of the genotype (e.g. tall or short).