12. Liver Function and Analysis
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Tumour marker associated w/ hepatocellular cancer that can be used for diagnosis
a-fetoprotein
Normal ratio of AST to ALT?
<1
What happens to AST/ALT ratio as fibrosis advances
AST/ALT increases
3 histological categories of cirrhosis
• Micronodular • Macronodular • Mixed
Abnormally high blood pressure in portal vein and its branches. Can lead to ascites, bleeding in GI, abdominal discomfort
Portal hypertension
What is the final phase of all chronic liver diseases
Cirrhosis
3 metabolic liver disorders
• Wilson disease • Hereditary hemachromatosis • a-antitrypsin (AAT deficiency)
Gallbladder releases bile through __________ to intestine
cystic duct
Bile in bile canaliculi and blood in sinusoids flow in ________ directions
opposite
4 main functions of the liver
• Metabolism • Excretion • Detoxification/drug metabolism • Storage of nutrients
Brain damage resulting from build up of unconjugated bilirubin
Kernicterus